Heating apparatus



2 Sheets-Sheet I.-

(No Model.)

B. R. WARE. HEATING APPARATUS. 110.411.5510. Patented Sept. 1'7, 1889.

1'1 .Zz venza Wmm 7 ga /AMA 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

B. R. WARE. HEATING APPARATUS. No. 411,310. Patented Sept. 17, 1889.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

EDMUND R. WARE, OF VVOROESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE WVAREAUTOMATIC HEAT GENERATOR AND REGULATOR COMPANY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,310, datedSeptember 17, 1889.

Application filed May 10, 1888. Serial No. 273,582. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDMUND RIVARE, a citizen of the United States,residing at IVorcester, county of \Vorcester, State of Massachu- 5setts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in a HeatingApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

Figure 1 is arear elevation of a heater containing my invention. Fig. 2is a front ele- IO vation. Fig. 3 is a vertical section enlarged, takenon line 00, looking in the direction of the arrow 1 of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 isavertical section on line y 1 Fig. 3, looking in the direction of thearrow 2, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a horir 5 zontal section on line .2 2, Fig.4. Fig. 6 is a detail enlarged. Fig. '7 is a plan view of a detail.Fig.8 is a vertical section on line 10 w, Fig. '7.

Like reference-letters refer to similar parts in all the figures.

This invention has for its object the c011- struction of a heateradapted for burning fluid fuel of any of the well-known kinds, and onepart of it relates to a novel arrange 2 5 ment of devices, whereby avery perfect combustion of fuel is attained, and whereby, also, thewaste products of combustion escape from the apparatus practicallywithout waste of heat; and this part of the invent-ion consists,

3o essentially, in arranging the exit for the waste products ofcombustion in about the same horizontal plane with that part of theheating-chamber at which the fuel is ignited, whereby the consumption offuel is carried on without a direct draft through the heating-chamber,as will be hereinafter fully explained.

Other parts of the invention will be specifically referred to in theclaims.

4 Having thus set forth the nature and scope of my invention, I willproceed to describe an apparatus which I have devised for carrying itinto effect.

A is the inclosing wall or casing, preferably of brick, with a suitabletop or deck with an inclosed chamber, which I prefer in practice to havearched at the top with a suitable nonconducting lining of some suitablematerial, say asbestus, as indicated at A. Within 5 this structure isthe boiler 0, having an inner and outer shell, between which there is awater-space O. The boiler is domeshapechand the lower edge of itswater-leg is in a substantiallyhorizontal plane. The inner surface issubstantially continuous instead of 5 5 having openings above its loweredge for the passage of the products of combustion, as is usually thecase in heaters of this general construction. This boiler rests upon aplatform within the brick structure.

D D is a supply-pipe projecting through the wall and through asemicircular recess or notch formed in the lower part of the boiler,which latter is provided with feet or other supports resting upon. theplatform. This feed-pipe is at itsinner end provided with elbows andshort sections opening at their discharging ends into the feeders whichare arranged below the distributors D d or within the walls of thesedistributers when the latter are formed as shown in Fig. 6, where theyare represented as consisting of a flat bottom plate with an upturnedside, and an upper corrugated plate (I, having slits or throats d,whereby the fuel-such, for instance, as ordinary illuminating-gasmay besuitably mixed with a proper amount of atmospheric air preparatory toburning, substantially as is done with a Bunsen burner, the operation ofwhich is so well known that no further reference need be made to it.

To facilitate a satisfactory combustion of fuel and an economicalworking of the heater, I provide the boiler with a fire-pot, into whichthe fuel passes.

In order to facilitate the most perfect combustion possible andtoutilize most effectively the heat generated thereby, I prefer that theignition of fuel should take place within a structure which I term afire-pot, 0 and which I prefer to arrange within the lower part of thespace inclosed by the waterleg, leaving an annular space between thefire-pot and the water-leg for the downward passage of the products ofcombustion. As 5 I propose to use a fluid fuel of some sort, it isevident that the fire-pot need not be provided with grate-bars.

E F represent the fire-pot, the general shape of which is oval incross-section, its walls in- :00 closing a water-space E within mainbody, and a series of water-spaces within the walls of the parts F,which latter resemble in form bisected hollow frustums of a cone. Thesesections F F are arranged or located within the oval-shaped part E, (towhich they are preferably secured,) and are connected therewith bywater-pipes e f, the fire-pot itself being connected with the boiler bymeans of pipes c c to insure the proper circulation of water or otherfluid to be heated.

G is an outlet and H an inlet for steam or water, as the case may be.Under ordinary circumstances I propose to connect the outletpipedirectly with a radiator or a series of radiators, and also connect theinlet-pipe to the same series, thus providing for a round-androundcirculation of steam or water.

Beneath the inlet-pipe is an air-space I, over which is located asliding perforated sheet J, the holes j in the sheet permitting air tobe conveniently distributed to the fire-pot and thence to theheating-chamber.

K is a flue for the escape of the waste products of combustion.

7c is an opening from the flue into the chamber within which the boileris located.

L is a plate at the frontend of the air-chamber I, with openings 1 Z forthe passage of atmospheric air.

When in operation, the gas, mingled with a due proportion of atmosphericair, escapes through the slits d, combustion taking place first betweenthe sections F and the main body of the fire-pot. The heated products ofcombustion circulate within the heatingchamber B and also below thelower edge of the boiler and within the heating-chamber B outside of theboiler, the waste products of combustion passing out through the openingit into the flue K.

From the above description and an examination of the drawings it will bereadily understood that when the fuel is ignited the products ofcombustion will pass up through the passages which are formed in thefire-pot and are surrounded by water-spaces; thence into the centralupper part of the inner heating-chaniber, which is formed by the innerwall of the dome-shaped boiler; thence downward through the passagebetween the firepot and the lower part of that inner heatingchamber;thence through the passage below the lower edge of the boiler and theperforated sheet J, which in this instance serves as the boiler-support,and thence through the outer heating-chamber, which in this instance isinclosed by the outer wall of the boiler and the inner face of the wallof the casing. During this movement of the products of combustion theirheat will be in great measure absorbed by the boiler and its contents,the waste products of combustion which have not been thus absorbedfinally passing out through the final outlet it, which is on a level orthereabout (preferably a little below) the point at which ignitionoccurs.

The air-inlet,which in this instance consists of holes j in theperforated sheet, is below the fire-pot, and I prefer to make thepassages through the fire-pot between the parts E F smaller at the topthan at the bottom to facilitate a suitable draft of air, so that asufficient quantity of atmospheric air shall be is below the plane ofignition of the fuel.

It is well known that in heaters of this general sort the water in thelower part of the boiler is of lower temperature than that in the upperpart, and in carrying out my invention the waste products of combustionresulting from the burning of a fluid fuelsuch, for instance, as anilluminating or a heating gas (so called) -in a chamber from which thewaste products of combustion can escape only through an outlet solocated, the temperature in the lower part of the boiler materially11inders or interferes with any tendency toward a direct and continuousdraft through the heater.

In carrying out my invention I prefer to employ not only thecombustion-chamber, but also the outer heating-chamber B, and with suchconstruction that portion of the products of combustion which passesunderneath the water-leg and into the outer heating-chamber B circulatestherein, and the waste products of combustion are finally passed out ofthe heater at a little below the plane of ignition of the fuel, andwhile I prefer to locate the opening or outlet 70 as shown, yet a slightvariation above or below will not seriously interfere with theeconomical working of the heater, because of the fact that the outletfor the products of combustion out from the com bustion-chamber is belowthe water-leg and below the plane of ignition of fuel, so that there ispractically no air drawn into the heater in excess of that which can beadvantageously utilized in promoting an efficient combustion of gas, theresult being that practically there is no more cold air drawn into theheater than is absolutely required, and hence none of the heat generatedis used in heating air and moving it through the outlet for the wasteproducts of combustion, as is the casein heaters of ordinaryconstruction in which the products of combustion pass out of thecombustion-chamber above the plane of ignition of fuel, and in whichthere is therefore a direct draft of air through the combustion-chamber.

Again, in my heater economy of fuel is promoted by the arrangement ofthe pipe H, which serves as an inlet to supply to the lower part of theboiler the fluid to be heated, which pipe enters the lower part of theboiler in close proximity to the outlet is, thus insnring that that partof the boiler with which the waste products of combustion engage justbefore leaving the heating-chamber shall be tog colder than other partsof the boiler, and will therefore absorb heat which would pass outthrough the inlet 1c under other relative arrangements of parts.

Economy in the utilization of the heat generated by combustion is alsopromoted by constructing the heater with a passage from the innerheating-chamber to the outer heating-chamber at a point remote from theoutlet for the waste products of combustion, thus avoiding orcounteracting any tendency which might otherwise exist to induce orcreate a current direct from the fire-pot or inner heating-chamberoutward through the outlet for the waste products of combustion. Economyis also promoted by the combination, with the main body of the fire-pothavan internal water-space, of a series of supplemental water spaces,whereby there is formed in the fire-pot a series of vertical chambersfor the passage of the products of combustion.

Vhile I have shown and described the best mode now known to me forearryin g out my invention, I do not wish to be limited to the exactconstruction or arrangement illustrated, because many modifications inthe detail will readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in the artof building heaters, without departing from the spirit of myimprovement.

I am aware of Patent No. 361,380, which shows a dome-shaped boilerhaving a waterleg extending around the boiler with a firepot within theboiler and above the lower edge of the water-leg, and having alsooutlets in the upper part of the combustion-chamber for the products ofcombustion, together with an outlet for the waste products of combustionbelow the plane of ignition of fuel. But the mode of operation in thatpatent differs materially from the mode of operation in my heater inthat, among other things, in that patent there is a direct andcontinuous draft upward through the combustion-chamber and outward atthe upper part thereof, whereas in my invention the waste products ofcombustion can escape from the combustionchamber only by passingdownward below the plane of ignition and thence out below the lower edgeof the water-leg.

I am also aware of Patent No. 305,47 7 5 but in that patent the wasteproducts of combustion escape through an opening at one end of thewater-leg and above the fire-pot, so that there is a direct draft in anupward direction through the fire-pot, and thence out of the boilerabove the plane of ignition of the fuel.

What I claim is 1. The combination, in a heater, of a dome shapedcombustion-chamber having a substantially continuous inner surface, afluidfuel supply-pipe, an inlet for the admission of air to thecombustion-chamb er, and an outlet for the waste products of combustion,said outlet being located below the plane of ignition of fuel, wherebythe waste products of combustion are compelled to pass out below theplane of ignition of fuel, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in a heater, of a combustion-chamber, a boilersurrounding the combustion-chamber, a heating-chamber out side of theboiler, a fluid-fuel supply-pipe, an air-inlet, and an outlet for thewaste products of combustion, said outlet being located be low the planeof ignition of fuel, substantially as set forth.

The combination, in a heater, of aboiler provided with an innerheating-chamber, a heating-chamber outside of the boiler, a pas sage forthe products of combustion from the lower part of the inner chamber tothe outer chamber; a fluid-fuel supply-pipe opening into the innerchamber, an inlet for the admission of air to the inner chamber, and afinal outlet for the waste products of combustion, said final outletbeinglocated on a level or thereabout with the point at which ignitionof the fuel occurs, substantially as set forth.

l. In a heater, the combination, with the boiler-support and thefluid-fuel supply, the dome-shaped boiler provided with an internalcombustion-chamber having a substantially continuous inner surface andarranged with its lower edge above the boiler-support, of theinclosing-casing, whereby there are formed two chambers with a passagebelow the boiler for the products of combustion from theeombustion-chamber to the outer heating-chamber, substantially as setforth.

EDMUND R. \VARE.

lVitnesses:

CoRA L. CADWALLADER, CELESTE P. CHAPMAN.

